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Theodor Tolsdorff : ウィキペディア英語版 | Theodor Tolsdorff
Theodor Tolsdorff (3 November 1909 – 25 May 1978) was a lieutenant general in the German Army and one of only 27 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds ((ドイツ語:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten)) in the Second World War. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade, the Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds, were awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He was wounded fourteen times during the war. ==Early life== Tolsdorf was born on 3 November 1909 in the family estate in Lehnarten in the Province of East Prussia, a state of the German Empire. Today it is Lenarty in the administrative district of Gmina Olecko, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. He was the youngest of four children and only son of Theodor Tolsdorff, who had served in the military during World War I as a ''Hauptmann'' in the artillery.〔Fraschka 2002, p. 293.〕 Tolsdorff was five years old in 1914 when his mother briefly evacuated the estate following the invasion of East Prussia by the Russian First Army, led by Paul von Rennenkampf. He attended the ''Gymnasium'' (advanced secondary school) in Königsberg, present-day Kaliningrad, and following the death of his father on 19 October 1919 took over the family estate and became a farmer. He continued his education to become an administrator of his sized estate in Lehnharten.〔〔Stockert 2010, p. 170.〕 On 1 October 1934, at the age of 24, he joined the 1st Infantry Regiment (''Infanterie-Regiment'' 1) of the 1st Infantry Division as a volunteer in Insterburg.〔 Tolsdorff was promoted to ''Feldwebel'' (sergeant) on 1 February 1936. On 1 June 1936, Tolsdorff was promoted from the ranks to ''Leutnant'' (second lieutenant) and to ''Oberleutnant'' (first lieutenant) on 1 October 1938. He was given command of 14th anti tank company (14.(''Panzerjäger''-)''Kompanie'') of the newly formed 22nd Infantry Regiment (''Infanterie-Regiment'' 22) in the 1st Infantry Division on 1 April 1939.〔
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